Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt.

 ALA  NSL [legitimate]
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Mitten, W. (1860), Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany 4: 99

Nomenclature

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Specimens

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Description

Dioicous. Plants very variable, small and cushion-forming to robust, yellowish brown, sometimes tinged with brownish purple; capitulum well defined with curved branches in cushion forms to ill-defined in aquatic forms. Stem cortical cells in 1 (–2) layers, surrounding a pale brownish central cylinder; outer cortical cells usually with a single distal pore, sometimes eporose. Branches in fascicles of 3–5, with 2 or 3 divergent branches and 1 or 2 more slender pendent branches; spreading branches often curved; aquatic forms with 1 or 2 branches in fascicles; branch cortical cells in a single layer, dimorphic; retort cells larger in section, with a single projecting pore at distal end. Branch leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, erect-spreading or appressed, strongly concave, with 3 or 4 apical teeth due to resorption; border of 1–3 rows of narrow cells; adaxial surface pores lacking or very sparse; abaxial surface pores small, ringed, numerous, 8–16 along commissures; chlorophyllose cells broadly oblong or truncated-elliptic, equally exposed on both surfaces; commissural walls smooth. Stem leaves mostly pendent, lingulate, rounded or obtuse, ±eroded near apex, bordered by 3–5 rows of narrow cells, fibrillose throughout, more weakly so in lower half of leaf; abaxial surface of hyaline cells with numerous strongly ringed pores in rows along commissures; adaxial surface with no or few pores.

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Biostatus

Native.

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Habitat and Distribution

Occurs in Western Australia, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania. Also in New Zealand and Campbell Island.

From near sea level to subalpine; grows in moist to wet habitats in woodland, acidic shrubland or grassland and in roadside ditches.

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Nomenclature And Typification

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 99 (1860). Type: New Zealand, Kerr; lecto: NY n.v., fide A.J.Fife, New Zealand J. Bot. 34: 321 (1996).

Taxonomic synonyms

Sphagnum cymbifolioides Müll.Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 546 (1851), nom. illeg. (later homonym).

Sphagnum contortum Schultz var. intermedium Wilson, in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Tasman. 2: 162 (1859). Type: s. loc., [Tas.], A.F.Oldfield 29; holo: BM? n.v.

Sphagnum contortum Schultz var. laxum Wilson, in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Tasman. 2: 162 (1859). Type: Mt Wellington, [Tas.], R.C.Gunn 41; holo: BM? n.v.

Sphagnum contortum Schultz var. scorpioides Wilson, in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Tasman. 2: 162 (1859).
Type: Mt Wellington, [Tas.], R.C.Gunn 2; holo: BM? n.v.

Sphagnum molliculum Mitt., in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Tasman. 2: 163 (1859). Type: Cheshunt, [Tas.], W.Archer; holo: NY

Sphagnum subcontortum Hampe, Linnaea 40: 301 (1876); S. subsecundum Nees var. subcontortum (Hampe) A.Jaeger, Ber. Tätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877–78: 364 (1879) (Ad. 2: 628). Type: Mt Warning, [N.S.W.], W.Guilfoyle; holo: B, presumably destroyed; iso: NSW.

Sphagnum comosum Müll.Hal., Flora 70: 413 (1887). Type: Waterloo Marshes, Sydney, [N.S.W.], Nov. 1883, T.Whitelegge; syn: NSW; Berwick, [Vic.], G.W.Robinson; syn: MEL.

Sphagnum mossmannianum Müll.Hal., Hedwigia 29: 184 (1891), nom. inval. (in synon.).

Sphagnum dubiosum Warnst., Hedwigia 30: 20 (1891). Type: “Süd-Australien”, F.M.Campbell 5; holo: H-BR.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst., Hedwigia 32: 6 (1893). Type: Mt Wellington, Tas., 15 Feb. 1888, W.A.Weymouth 972; syn?: BM, CHR, HO, NSW.

Sphagnum moorei Warnst., Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 204 (1895). Type: Kellys Basin and Macquarie Harbour [Tas.], Moore 54, in Herb. W.A.Weymouth 1602; iso: HO.

Sphagnum submolliculum Warnst., Hedwigia 36: 164 (1897). Type: Kellys Basin, [Tas.], J.B.Moore; holo: H-BR.

Sphagnum sullivanii Müll.Hal., Genera Musc. Frond. 103 (1900). Type: Mt William Creek, Grampians, [Vic.], Aug. 1875, D.Sullivan 18; holo: B, presumably destroyed.

Sphagnum commutatum Warnst., Magyar Bot. Lapok. 1: 45 (1902). Type: Three Mile Scrub, Byron Bay, N.S.W., 2 May 1900, W.W.Watts 4209; holo: NSW.

Sphagnum laticoma Müll.Hal. ex Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 312 (1911). Type: Black Spur, [Vic.], coll. unknown; holo?: MEL n.v.

Sphagnum moorei Warnst. var. macrophyllum Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 369 (1911). Type: Port Esperance, [Tas.], W.A.Weymouth 1693; iso: HO.

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt. var. commutatum Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 334 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 3735, 3759, 3775, 4200, 4210, 4453; syn: H-BR; isosyn (of 3759, 3775, 4453): NSW.

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt. var. laxifolium Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 334 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 3734, 5190, 5191, 5192; syn: H-BR; isosyn (of 5191): NSW.

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt. var. molle Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 332 (1911). Type: Maroubra Bay, [N.S.W.], T.Whitelegge 435; holo: H-BR; iso: NSW.

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt. var. pauciporosum Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 334 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 4272; iso: NSW.

Sphagnum novozelandicum Mitt. var. pulvinatum Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 334 (1911). Type: Mt Wellington, [Tas.], F.L.E.Diels 6186; holo: B, presumably destroyed.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst. var. flavescens Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 371 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 200; iso: NSW.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst. var. fuscorufescens Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 371 (1911). Type: s. loc., [Tas.], W.A.Weymouth 972, 973, 975, 976, 977; syn: HO.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst. var. fuscorufescens Warnst. f. dicladum Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 371 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 6183; iso: NSW.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst. var. pallens Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 371 (1911). Type: s. loc., [Tas.], W.A.Weymouth 2133; iso?: HO.

Sphagnum pseudorufescens Warnst. var. virescens Warnst., Pflanzenreich 51: 371 (1911). Type: s. loc., [N.S.W.], W.W.Watts 6194; iso: HO.

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Representative Herbarium Specimens

W.A.: Weld River Bridge, SE of Manjimup, Aug. 1966, G.G.Smith (PERTH).

N.S.W.: Jigamy Ck, Eden, E.F.Constable (NSW).

A.C.T.: Little Ginini, Brindabella Range, H.Streimann 4169 (CANB).

Vic.: between Zumsteins and McKenzie Falls, Grampians National Park, A.C.Beauglehole 74107 (MEL).

Tas.: Western Tiers, Dec. 1908, L.Rodway (HO).

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Taxonomic Notes

The record from Western Australia, as S. subsecundum, was discussed in detail by Smith (1969).

I have included in S. novozelandicum Australian material misidentified as S. molliculum, S. subsecundum and S. cymbifolioides, as well as numerous Watts and Warnstorf names.
I have taken this approach for simplicity, while at the same time acknowledging that the Subsecunda group is in need of further critical evaluation.

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Illustrations

R.D.Seppelt, Hikobia 13: 176, fig. 6; 177, fig. 7 (2000).

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Bibliography

Smith, G.G. (1969). Sphagnum subsecundum in Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 56–59.

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Source

Seppelt, R.D.(2012). Australian Mosses Online 52. Sphagnaceae. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Version 22 June 2012. http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/Mosses_online/52_Sphagnaceae.html

First published as: Seppelt, R.D. (2006). Sphagnaceae, in McCarthy , P.M. (ed.) Flora of Australia 51: 89–104. (Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra & CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.)

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© Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2023
Last updated: System; Feb 20, 2020 12:50 Status: Partial

Author - Rodney D. Seppelt

Editor(s) - Pat M. McCarthy (2012)

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Cite this profile as: Rodney D. Seppelt (2020) Sphagnum novozelandicum. In: Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/boa/profile/Sphagnum%20novozelandicum [Date Accessed: 16 April 2025]